Birth Control :: Contraceptives, Birth Control Essays

The practice of birth control prevents conception, thus limiting reproduction. The term birth control, coined by Margaret SANGER in 1914, usually refers specifically to methods of contraception, including STERILIZATION. The terms family planning and planned parenthood have a broader application. METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL Attempts to control fertility have been going on for thousands of years. References to preventing conception are found in the writings of priests, philosophers, and physicians of ancient Egypt and Greece. Some methods, though crude, were based on sound ideas. For example, women were advised to put honey, olive oil, or oil of cedar in their vaginas to act as barriers. The stickiness of these substances was thought to slow the movement of sperm into the uterus. Wads of soft wool soaked in lemon juice or vinegar were used as tampons, in the belief that they would make the vagina sufficiently acidic to kill the sperm. The Talmud mentions using a piece of sponge to block the cervix, the entrance to the uterus. Sperm Blockage Several modern methods of birth control are practiced by creating a barrier between the sperm and the egg cell. This consists of the use of a chemical foam, a cream, or a suppository. Each contains a chemical, or spermicide that stops sperm. They are not harmful to vaginal tissue. Each must be inserted shortly before COITUS. Foams are squirted from aerosol containers with nozzles or from applicators that dispense the correct amount of foam and spread it over the cervix; creams and jellies are squeezed from tubes and held in place by a diaphragm or other device; and suppositories--small waxy pellets melted by body heat--are inserted by hand. More effective at keeping sperm and egg apart are mechanical barriers such as the diaphragm and cervical cap (both used with a spermicide), the sponge, and the condom. A diaphragm is a shallow rubber cup that is coated with a spermicide and positioned over the cervix before intercourse. Size is important; women need to have a pelvic examination and get a prescription for the proper diaphragm. The cervical cap, less than half the size but used in the same way, has been available worldwide for decades. It was not popular in the United States, however, and in 1977 it failed to gain approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); in 1988, the FDA again permitted its sale. The contraceptive sponge, which keeps its spermidical potency for 48 hours after being inserted in the vagina, was approved in 1983. Like the diaphragm and cervical cap, the sponge has an estimated effectiveness rate of about 85%. The devices only rarely produce side effects such as irritation and allergic reactions and, very rarely, infections. The condom, a rubber sheath, is rolled

Enron collapse A look back Essay

Enron collapse: A look back Introduction                   Enron was formed as a result of merging with another company and it became a successful corporate. The joy of the business owners is to see how it grows fast and to attract more investors. There are rules and regulation that governs the corporate financial report that is open for inspection by potential investors (Folger, 2011). The audit of these financial reports should disclose the accurate financial state of the company and this should be made known to the stakeholders of the company. The stakeholders of a company play an important role in progress of the business and the going concern of the company (Sterling, 2002). The company of Enron did not manage its debts and therefore looked for means of hiding the truth from its stakeholders so as to continue making profit.                   The aim of a business is to make profit and be able to pay the debts of the creditors and also attract investors who are interested in the business. Most investor relay on the financial statement to determine whether to invest or not to invest (Folger, 2011). The Enron Company was a big company that was famous and successful before its fall. The corporate attracted many investors since they financial report showed how the business was growing at high rate (Bauer, 2009). However the corporate management did not disclose the true and fair view of the financial reports. The financial report of a company should not mislead the shareholders or its members.                   Moreover, in the Enron scandal there were some cases in which it showed misconduct of its financial reporting since the corporate did not display true and fair financial accountings to its stakeholders. The corporate used financial fabrication and mark- market accounting to hide its actual debts and real financial situation (Folger, 2011). These reports made the investor believe that the corporate was making profit while it was making losses in real sense. It is also a form of fraud to stakeholders since it cannot meet all its debts and in case of winding up majority of the investors and shareholder would suffer greatly. The Enron scandal was deemed to be great since it had huge debts to settle and its assets could not settle these debts.                   Indeed, financial misconduct affects a large group of stakeholder and leaves a great mark that cannot be erased (Sterling, 2002). For example the shareholders of Enron corporate were highly affected and suffered a loss of billions that were not recovered since the corporate went bankrupt and the assets of the business were also false in existence. The investors also suffered greatly from these financial misconduct, they lost their resources. In addition, the employees suffered greatly by losing billions of pension benefits due to the misconduct of financial reports which led to the bankruptcy of the Enron therefore could no longer pay them (Folger, 2011).                   The financial statement of a company is very important to the investors, it gives an over view of the stability of the business and its ability to pay debts. The Enron corporate failed to disclose true and fair view financial statements by hiding its real financial reports and the investors were misled and also due to many investments made by the company lead to its bankruptcy (Sterling, 2002). The purpose of accurate financial reports is to help the investors and also the company to know to what extent they should contract or invest in other businesses. It also helps in managing of the company’s debt thus making profit but the Enron was only interested in making a lot of profits that led to their down fall.                   Ethics are rules that govern every business and its members on how to conduct their daily roles in the company (Brady, & Dunn, 1995). In other words, the managers of this corporate owe their loyalty to its stakeholders and their interest ought to be the interest of the business (Bauer, 2009). In deontology of the Enron corporate, the management had a duty and obligations to display the true statement of finance and also to operate the business in the interest of the stakeholders and not their interest. As the leaders they ought to make sure that the going concern of the business is kept and the assets of the company are secured. In addition, the duty of the Enron managers was to disclose the true and fair view of financial reports (Bauer, 2009).                   On other hand, utilitarian is a form ethic that is used to show the positive side of the organization, for example by disclosing the false statement to stakeholders thus blinding them of the real situation (Folger, 2011). The Enron leaders used different methods to conceal the truth about its debts and faked the profits. They made the business look attractive and therefore more investors invested in the business. At the end, the ethics rules were violated and the leaders had a role to play .Enron had a role to disclose the truth which could have rescued the company (Bauer, 2009). If at the beginning, the company revealed the truth it would not have ended bankrupt and the employees would have secured their jobs. Finally, the company had a duty to disclose the true financial statements and also save the company from falling and the scandals would have been avoided. The companies should put into practice the ethics governing the corporates. Therefore, to pr event any future happenings such as the past frauds in the company, there has been an enhanced regulation as well as oversight in the company (Folger, 2011). References Bauer, A. (2009). The Enron scandal and the Sarbanes-Oxley-Act. München: GRIN Verlag. Brady, F. N., & Dunn, C. P. (1995). Business meta-ethics: An analysis of two theories. Business Ethics Quarterly, 385-398. Folger, J. (2011). The Enron collapse: A look back. Investopedia, December 1. Retrieved October 25, 2014, at http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1211/the-enron-collapse-a-look-back.aspx Sterling, T. F. (2002). The Enron scandal. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Source document

Metropolitan Museam of Art

Rob Murphy Art and Culture Extra Credit My Second Visit to the Met 12/10/11 My second visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art was equally enjoyable as the first. On my first visit, I hovered around the American wing and Egyptian wing mainly. On the contrary, my second visit consisted of a trip to enjoy the Greek and Roman wing. Wings such as the Egyptian, are big enough to re-visit, as I was able too. The works I was able to enjoy on my second trip were the â€Å"Cleopatra† sculpture, and the world renowned â€Å"Perseus with a Head of Medusa†. The â€Å"Cleopatra† sculpture was quite a sensational one.It was carved by William Wetmore Story out of marble; spanning eleven years , it was completed in 1869. The Boston bred sculptor’s masterpiece is in Gallery of American painting and sculpture of the Met. This beautiful sculpture is of the Egyptian queen , born in 69 BC. Alike many of William Wetmore Story’s sculptures, Cleopatra is sitting down in a c hair. The Queen is wearing a long dress with her left breast exposed. She is accessorized with jewelry and an Egyptian head piece. Her facial expressions and body positioning suggests she is is in a deep state of thought. Whether reflecting on past behavior or contemplating future actions, the figures are thinking about deeds of cataclysmic significance†(Metropolitan Museum of Art). This suggests Cleopatra is said to be thinking of something of great significance. The reason I chose the sculpture of Cleopatra as one of the works from my second visit is because it was understandable, and expresses a clear thought. She is a famous figure, and once I witnessed it , it was enjoyable to see something familiar. His sculpture made of marble is beyond my imagination of how someone could complete this.The neoclassical sculptors, â€Å"Cleopatra†, were one of William Wetmore Story’s most applauded works of art. The second work of art I appreciated on my trip to the Met was â€Å"Perseus with the Head of Medusa†. â€Å"Perseus with the Head of Medusa† is located in the European Sculpture and Decorative Arts hall. Italy native Antonio Canova carved this sculpture spanning from 1804 to 1806. In addition to the past sculpture, this was also carved out of marble. It displays Perseus, who is a mythical hero who was said to have defeated various archaic monsters; Most notably known for the Greek hero who killed Gordon Medusa , as displayed in the sculpture.Medusa was a monster who, when someone would lay eyes upon her would be transform into stone. After being killed by Perseus, Medusa’s head was used as a weapon by this hero ,and later given as a gift to his goddess, Athena, as a shield ornament. This greatly detailed sculpture shows Perseus nude , wielding a shield in one hand and medusas decapitated head in the other. He is shown staring at the severed head of Medusa. Perseus takes pride in slaying this monster , and holds her head h igh and might with pride.The face of Medusa looks unpleasant, and has a defeated expression. The mythical hero has her by the hair, except , her would be hair is represented by snakes. The reason I chose to write about this sculpture is because along with Cleopatra, Medusa was a familiar figure to me . In addition , I am also intrigued by Greek mythology such as Medusa and Perseus. The extreme detail of this exquisite sculpture also caught my attention. Canova’s detail is remarkable. The fact that he can capture facial expressions, thoughts, and predictable actions in this sculpture is phenomenal.The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an extraordinary experience. Being lucky enough to enjoy it twice is rare. While gawking at everything you lay eyes upon, you have a sense of disbelief. To think these unparalleled sculptures were hand carved, in days of minute technology is beyond understanding. These two works of art are truly amazing and the fact that they were kept in such immacu late condition is marvelous. The reasons I chose these two was because, I was familiar with both characters and I was interested to do research on them, and learn more.In conclusion I would recommend to anyone planning on taking a trip to this museum to visit these two miraculous works of art. Bibliography: http://www. metmuseum. org/collections/search-the-collections? gallerynos=548&ft=* http://www. metmuseum. org/Collections/search-the-collections/20013020? rpp=20&pg=1&ft=cleopatra&pos=5 http://www. framemuseums. org/jsp/fiche_oeuvre. jsp? STNAV=&RUBNAV=&CODE=O115046173127831&LANGUE=1&RH=UsaFRAMEMuseums&OBJET_PROVENANCE=COLLECTION

Co

Co One of the most novel ideas in education instruction is collaborative teaching. Learners with special needs learn alongside ordinary students in an ordinary class setting. A special needs teacher is supposed to assist the regular teacher in preparing materials for special learners, delivering assisted learning during and after the regular classes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Co-teaching specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The purpose of collaborative learning is to give learners with special needs an opportunity to acquire education and an environment that does not have any restrictions, thus maximizing their chances to learn. Collaborative learning employs multiple teaching and learning skills. It should not be confused with other teaching practices such as one teacher preparing material and another delivering instruction. It is an opportunity to distribute teaching activities amongst a group of individuals with di fferent teaching skills. This paper endeavors to give a an assessment of collaborative teaching Where collaborative learning is used efficiently, students with learning difficulties reap maximums benefits, while ordinary learners acquire the skills to socialize and live harmoniously with special need students. It is therefore an idea worth implementing (Logsdon, 2011). Cushman (n.d.) also argues that this type of teaching model propagates a sense of productive interdependence amongst teacher. It is more effective when co-teachers realize that each of them is not sufficiently equipped to respond to the diversely unique needs of a class. It is also an effective way of ensuring each individual teachers account for individual responsibilities. However, collaborative teaching is not without hitches. It is time consuming and creates too much interference in terms of unnecessary movements and uncontrolled noise in a class.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It may also be disorderly when collaborative teachers have extremely diverse teaching skills (Deluca, Borman, Jump, Ratzlaff and Nystrom, 2010). Many people have suggested an alternative where there is one teacher in a class assisted by several assistants. While this may be good in having many professional with diverse skills in the same class, its implementation may be cumbersome. It is therefore more preferable to have two teachers who take their time to plan for the class. This will reduce the amount of confusion and interference in the teaching process (Haynes, 2010). Evaluation of student’s progress is usually a challenging task in a mixed abilities class. Various issues complicate the type of grading system to use. Co-teachers usually have a problem grading, given that students have different abilities and learning styles. It is also difficult to determine how to evaluate daily assignments, who e valuates them and how they reflect on the final grade (University of Kansas, 2005). There should also be mutual respect for each other personal space and opinion between the co-teachers. For ordinary education teachers who are doing it for the first time, one of the major learning points is sharing teaching space with a fellow professional (Creighton Education, n.d.). Several qualities identify an ideal co teacher. To begin with, a co-teacher must be able to share professional knowledge as well as be open to communication and criticism. They must also be inclined towards learner centred teaching. Most importantly, they must be willing team players. Absence of these basic characteristic in a co-teacher make hinder the whole process (EFL classrooms, 2010). Co-teaching is an idea that is yet to gain much support. However, the benefits of co-teaching are worthwhile.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Co-teaching specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Learners with learning difficulties are motivated by learning in a less restricted ordinary class and get to enjoy the benefits that the ordinary learner gets. Despite the complexity in its implementation, the many professions and learning institutions should try it. Reference List Creighton Education, (n.d.). Co-teaching in todays classrooms. Retrieved from https://people.creighton.edu/~ekw49122/Co-Teaching/Paper%20One.htm Cushman, S. (n.d.). What is co-teaching? Word Press. Retrieved from yeslife.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/what-is-coteaching.pdf Deluca D, Borman J, jump T, Ratzlaff R and Nystrom C. (2010). Co teaching. Class  Chatter. Retrieved from  www.classchatter.com/edtech/co_teaching.ppt EFL classrooms, (2010). Co-teaching: general guidelines and procedures.  Edublogs. Retrieved from http://ddeubel.edublogs.org/2010/10/01/co-teaching-general-guidelines-and-procedures/ Haynes, J. (2010). Collaborative teaching for ells: Are two teachers better th an one? EverythingESL. Retrieved from http://everythingesl-everythingesl.blogspot.com/2010/02/collaborative-teaching-are-two-teachers.htm Logsdon, A. (2011). Collaborative teaching Special education in collaborative classrooms. About.com Guide. Retrieved from http://learningdisabilities.about.com/od/publicschoolprograms/p/collaboration.htmAdvertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More University of Kansas , (2005). Grading considerations. Special Connections.  Retrieved from specialconnections.ku.edu/cgi-hbin/cgiwrap/specconn/main.php?cat=collaborationsection=mainsubsection=coteaching/grade

Dumb-blonde stereotypes Essays

Dumb-blonde stereotypes Essays Dumb-blonde stereotypes Essay Dumb-blonde stereotypes Essay Tony then arrives to let Gary know that their pub is closing down, both shocked Gary walks out abandoning Dorothy, this is a stereotypical think that men dont care about woman as much as booze, or footie.  In scene 2 Gary and Tony have a drink with the new pub landlord; the drink is seen as a stereotypical bonding way of men. Scene 3 in Debs flat is a good scene because it shows how careless men are, when Tony shows up with a condom machine badly wrapped, this also supports the stereotypical idea of men being obsessed with sex. Debs flat is stereotypically feminine in that it is tidy, clean, bright, homely and tasteful unlike Gary and Tonis flat which is dirty and overloaded with beer cans. When Debby tells Tony about her interest in astrology Tony then gives her a stereotypical male view of it guys dont believe in all that bollocks, unless they want to get off with a girl who really thinks (its true). Tony then makes a joke with a sexual overtone, you show me yours, Ill show you mine, again this stereotypical idea that men only think about sex. In scene 4 Tony and Gary go o n a pub crawl to find a new pub, as mentioned they approach this as if buying a house, as it will become their home from now on. Gary makes a list of what to look for in a pub, the list includes taking a good look at the outside step (when they are drunk), and local take-ways (stereotypical lad, them getting drunk and getting the munchies). Over the scene Gary and Tony start dancing drunkenly in the street, this is a very stereotypical. In scene 5 we see Garys flat which has been turned in a pub with the old pubs filthy toilets and the optics. They then start having a conversation about girly words like: loo, doobry, oops, potty, flip flop, being different from guy words such as carburettor, penalty shoot-out. The girly words have a more soft and connotations of home, where as the guy words are linked to stereotypical male obsessions like cars and football. When Dorothy comes in and Gary tries to explain the importance of pubs to men by comparing a pub to cathedral, suggesting that drinking is their religion. Gary then enacts all of his bad habits mentioned earlier. When Gary goes to the pub he lives to-do notes for Dorothy, and she from furry goes to the pub and does a role reversal and acts like a stereotypical lad does. Now what Dorothy does is, in effect, to expose the dominant ideology that says its socially acceptable for men to behave like this, but totally taboo for woman to do the same. The humour in this scene comes through the surprise of the role reversal/breaking of stereotypes showing us what we do not expect to see. The second comedy I am going to look at is AbFab, now the humour comes form the characters breaking the stereotypical representations of woman, unlike MBB where the humour comes form the exaggerated stereotypes. AbFab is an almost entirely female sitcom, there are hardly any men in the programme, and those that appear are usually either gay or unimportant (seen as sex objects, as woman would be seen in MBB and earlier sitcoms. The humour in this sitcom comes from Patsy and Edina acting in this extreme, and in social terms unacceptable behaviour.  The episode of AbFab that Ive studied is the first ever episode made of AbFab. In scene 1 and throughout the episode we see that Edina breaks the stereotype of being a good mother and there is a theme of role reversal in which Edina is, is a teenager and Saffy is the responsible mother figure. The scene opens with Edinas room and shes in bed as she had a hangover from the previous night. This is where we see that she had none of the qualities of a mother: as she is messy, get drunk and smokes to excess (we see bottles, ash trays and cigarette buds all over the room), she is irresponsible (as she cant be asked to get up to go to work), she is lazy and she is very loud. The role reversal is seen when Saffy comes in and starts shouting at Edina to get up and go to work (as if a parent would do to their child), Edina reacts by hiding the drink bottle under her duvet so that Saffy doesnt see it (again as a teenager would hide drinks or fags). The comedy comes from Edina breaking the stereotypical mother image. In the second scene we see Edinas kitchen and again that is also covered with drink bottles everywhere. We see the Edina is not at all domestic because she confuses the washing machine with a cupboard, this reveals that she is not a stereotypical domestic housewife and the humour comes from that.  Saffy is presented as a stereotypical mother should be: caring, responsible, practical, concerned and trying to tell Edina the difference between right and wrong (as a mother should instead its the daughter). Edina acts in a very unfeminine manner, as she is loud, vulgar, aggressive and childish (like a stereotypical teenager would be perceived as). In scene 3 we meet Patsy for the first time, now as soon as she enters the room we can tell that Saffy doesnt like her (like when parents meet daughters boyfriends and think their not good enough). Patsy arrives in a smart suit (this reflects the dominance over Edina and as if she is the man in the partnership). She has a sixties beehive hairdo, this is a throwback to the time that Patsy and Edina are stuck in. now Edina sees her relationship with Patsy more important that the motherly relationship with Saffy ( un stereotypical, as mothers should put their kids before everything else), similar to the relationship in MBB, where they see mates more important than girlfriends. In scene 4 we see Edina and Patsy doing things to excess like drinking, smoking (these are unfeminine vices), later we see them taking drugs like its a everyday, normal thing. Edina seems to have few maternal instinct and Patsy none, Patsy asks whats the point of having kids when all they do is ruin your body, and not come with you to fashion shows, Patsy only sees the disadvantages. Patsy is independent and in control other own sexuality without any maternal hang- ups at all (like a stereotypical man, who has one night stands all the time and doesnt care). Patsy breaks the stereotypical traditional feminine stereotypes as her life seems to revolve around; drinking, smoking, bitching, drugs, and drugs, those things you would expect only a man to do, this breaks all feminine stereotypes, and thats why its seen as funny to the audience as they would never expect a woman to do that. In scene 5 we meet Bubble, she is perceived as and extreme dumb-blonde stereotypes, her name presumably refers to the fact that she is an air-head, but also she is reversing the stereotype of the efficient female assistant. In this scene Edina is very much her own boss (as you would expect a stereotypical man to be), also you see how AbFab is a world of woman, as there are no men in it or the fact that no men are mentioned. We also see how ruthless, insincere, heartless and totally lacking maternal feelings Edina is (you wouldnt expect to see woman like that, it breaks away from the stereotypical representation of woman) when she organises the fashion show.

How Long Does It Take to Learn a New Language [Infographic]

How Long Does It Take to Learn a New Language [Infographic] Do you know English is actually not the most common language in the world? Only one-seventh of the world can speak English. If you want to start a conversation with other 6 billion people who can’t speak English, you’d have to learn their languages. Learning a new language takes time and how long it takes will vary depending on how similar your mother tongue is to the new language. As you might imagine, for English speakers, languages like Arabic and Chinese take the longest to learn.Also, keep in the mind that your own time will vary. The numbers in the infographic below are based on information from the Foreign Service Institute (FSI), and they based their numbers on a 25 hours study week.Check out the infographic below to learn how long it takes English speakers to learn the most common languages in the world.

Monetary Policy and the Stock Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Monetary Policy and the Stock Market - Essay Example Many papers have found that the extent to which monetary policymakers react to stock market changes are often driven by other factors such as the rate of inflation and output gap. In most of the cases, stock market changes are rarely the aspects which influence monetary policy. The present paper attempts to examine this very fact through employing least square methods. In order to assess this relation, Taylor’s rule has been modified accordingly. The output however, yielded does not depict a highly significant association between stock market fluctuations and the dependent variable, monetary policies which is duplicated by Federal Funds Rate. 1 - Introduction Stock market fluctuations often decide the financial state of an economy. These, in turn, could act as the decisive forces behind the monetary policy framework of an economy. Movements adapted by stock market indices often reflect the behaviour patterns exhibited by many essential economic variables. Stock market indices might be regarded as a mirror image of the way their components behave over time. In case that these components exhibit an average upward trend, the implication is that of a rising stock price index, while they display a downward trend implies the stock prices moving down on an average. Movements of stock prices often indicate the extent to which an economy is soaring. High figures of stock price indices in an economy indicate upward inflationary trends in the economy. Hence, it is important to keep a note of the fluctuations that the stock market indices depict. Inflationary pressures are rather regarded as harmful for the economy and hence they often are kept under control by the monetary policymakers of an economy. Thus, it can be argued...Stock market fluctuations often decide the financial state of an economy. These, in turn, could act as the decisive forces behind the monetary policy framework of an economy. Movements adapted by stock market indices often reflect the behaviour patterns exhibited by many essential economic variables. Stock market indices might be regarded as a mirror image of the way their components behave over time. In case that these components exhibit an average upward trend, the implication is that of a rising stock price index, while they display a downward trend implies the stock prices moving down on an average. Movements of stock prices often indicate the extent to which an economy is soaring. High figures of stock price indices in an economy indicate upward inflationary trends in the economy. Hence, it is important to keep a note of the fluctuations that the stock market indices depict. Inflationary pressures are rather regarded as harmful for the economy and hence they often are kept under control by the monetary policymakers of an economy. Thus, it can be argued that higher the stock market index of a nation , greater will be the inflationary pressure upon the economy. This tempts the monetary policymakers to frame strategies for regulation of the same. This inflationary pressure could actually lead to a rise in the velocity of money .This , in turn, could actually result to higher economic activities and at the same time leads to price hikes. These price hikes might lead to depreciation in the rate of exchange and thus eventually reduce the inflow of foreign direct investments. This is because overseas investors are no longer allured by the thought of earning higher amounts in repayment.